3,597,978 results on '"ECONOMICS"'
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2. Not Mere Child's Play: Unpacking the Economics of Early Childhood Education and Care. The Wisconsin Taxpayer
- Author
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Wisconsin Policy Forum
- Abstract
Early childhood education and care is critical to Wisconsin's families and businesses, offering a safe place for children to grow and learn during formative years while parents and other guardians participate in the workforce. Despite its importance, child care can be prohibitively expensive for some Wisconsin families, and the industry operates on easily eroded margins and relies on low-paid labor. This brief shows how all three sets of stakeholders within the child care system--families, employees, and operators--can be struggling at the same time. An understanding of this mutual challenge is essential to analyzing potential policy solutions and is a safeguard against proposals that, in seeking to address challenges for one group, might exacerbate difficulties for others. To illustrate these challenges, this brief examines the costs of child care provided in a licensed group center setting in Milwaukee County. [Additional financial support was provided by Mary Kellner.]
- Published
- 2023
3. Teaching Villainification in Social Studies: Pedagogies to Deepen Understanding of Social Evils. Research and Practice in Social Studies Series
- Author
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Cathryn van Kessel, Kimberly Edmondson, Cathryn van Kessel, and Kimberly Edmondson
- Abstract
In this collection, scholars from the United States, Canada, and Australia examine the concepts of villainification and anti-villainification in social studies curriculum and popular culture, as well as within broader sociocultural contexts. Villainification is the process of identifying an individual or a small group of individuals as the sole source of a larger evil. Anti-villainification considers the messy space in between individual and group culpability in order to help students develop a sense of responsibility to each other as humans in communities on this planet. Chapter authors examine topics related to U.S. politics, financial education, Holocaust education, difficult histories, apocalypse fiction, the Marvel Cinematic Universe, technology use, LGBTQ school experiences, rape culture, geographies of invasion, and the female body. Taken together, these inquiries into villainification offer thoughtful and powerful insights for teaching about historical wrongdoing in more nuanced ways, addressing the responsibility we all have to create a better world. Book Features: (1) Pushes the field of social studies to develop a more nuanced understanding of the villains of the past and present; (2) Invites educators to become more thoughtful about not only curriculum but also the world around us; (3) Helps readers to more deeply understand how easily forms of banal evil can touch our lives within and beyond the classroom, and what we might do about it; (4) Examines how systemic forces can influence "average" individuals to cause or contribute to great societal harm; (5) Includes teacher-friendly engagements with theory, using examples from middle and high school classrooms; and (6) Offers a wide range of contexts related to social studies education, including civics, economics, geography, and history. [Foreword by Michalinos Zembylas.]
- Published
- 2024
4. Education for the Circular Economy in Higher Education: An Overview of the Current State
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Sanna-Mari Renfors
- Abstract
Purpose: Higher education institutions and their lecturers are strategic agents and main drivers that contribute to circular economy transition. This requires them to understand the key circular economy competencies and how to integrate circular economy holistically into their curricula with the suitable teaching and learning approaches. This study aims to support them by providing an overview on the characteristics of education for the circular economy (ECE) and suggestions to lecturers to further develop their curricula. Design/methodology/approach: The data consisted of scientific articles (n = 22) describing circular economy courses in higher education. Qualitative content analysis with quantitative features was performed on the selected articles to answer the research question. Findings: The findings confirm that the system's focus is the key issue in ECE. However, to integrate circular economy holistically into the curricula, ECE should be implemented more widely in the context of different industries and market contexts to find innovative teaching and learning approaches. The demand side needs to be incorporated in the courses, as systemic transformation is also about transforming consumption. All levels of implementation and circular economy objectives should be included in courses to promote systems thinking. In addition, innovative forms of real workplace interaction should be increased. Originality/value: As ECE has started to emerge as a new field of study, this article provides the first integrated overview of the topic.
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- 2024
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5. Fostering Knowledge Integration through Individual Competencies: The Impacts of Perspective Taking, Reflexivity, Analogical Reasoning and Tolerance of Ambiguity and Uncertainty
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Olga Vogel and Marcel Hunecke
- Abstract
The present study examines the influence of individual competencies on knowledge integration in inter- and transdisciplinary work. Perspective taking, reflexivity, analogical reasoning, and tolerance of ambiguity and uncertainty were investigated as core competencies for fostering knowledge integration. Additional hypotheses assumed that the positive effects are valid in the scientific and economic contexts and that individual competencies predict knowledge integration at different levels of expertise. To test the hypotheses, 421 participants, comprised of students (N = 165) and individuals working in science (N = 152) and economics (N = 104), answered questionnaires on knowledge integration and competencies of knowledge integration in an online survey. Further questions collected demographic data and inquired about experience and expertise in inter- and transdisciplinary work. The main result was that all postulated competencies positively related to knowledge integration. Analogical reasoning and perspective taking showed the strongest relationships with knowledge integration. Further results show that all competencies are positively related to knowledge integration in the student and expert sample, yet the interrelationships differ between the scientific and economic sample. This investigation into the competencies of knowledge integration contributes to the education of inter- and transdisciplinarians in academia and business practice.
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- 2024
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6. Education and Full Employment in the Capitalocene: Political Possibilities, Ecological Imperatives
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Jason van Tol
- Abstract
Imagine what education would look like if upon completion every graduate was guaranteed a job paying a living wage, democratically created, doing meaningful work… This is a political possibility in most countries in the world today: Modern Monetary Theory (MMT) demonstrates that, provided a country has sovereignty over its currency, which most now do, it faces no nominal constraints on spending and can always choose to guarantee jobs and maintain full employment. Yet a pervasive feature of the neoliberal phase of the Capitalocene has been precisely the opposite: high and rising rates of un- and underemployment. This article examines the reasons for this trend and argues that its impact on education has been both unnecessary and detrimental. Finally, it suggests a strategy for educators to reverse this trend and the associated policy of economic growth, and, with reference to history, imagines what the effects such a reversal might have.
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- 2024
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7. The Dirtiness of Clean: Unearthing Settler Logics That Sustain Spatial Woundings in the Capitalocene
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Erin C. Adams and Bretton A. Varga
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In this article, we first (re)trace the presence and absence of mining, metals and extractionary practices, what we call MMEs, from environmental and sustainability curricular frameworks United Nations' Act Now Framework. Then, we critique the swelling markets, mentalities, and mastermindings used to develop and produce "clean" and "renewable" energy sources/solutions. As one of many examples, there is increasing skepticism among Indigenous communities that history may repeat itself as the quest for "clean" results in further displacement and violations of tribal sovereignty (Healy & Baker, 2021; Holzman & Waldman, 2022; Shah & Bloomer, 2018). Notwithstanding our (e.g., authors) academic positionalities in social studies education, one of our conclusions considers the necessity of interdisciplinary collaboration between science and social studies on the issue of sustainability through MMEs.
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- 2024
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8. Who Does (and Does Not) Take Introductory Economics?
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Wendy A. Stock
- Abstract
The author of this article summarizes which, when, where, and how students take introductory economics. Among students who began college in 2012, 74 percent never took economics, up from 62 percent in 2004. Fifteen percent of beginning college students in 2012 took "some economics," and 12 percent were "one-and-done" students. About half of introductory economics students never took another economics class, and only about 2 percent majored in economics. The characteristics of "one-and-done" and "some economics" students are generally similar and closer to one another than to students with "no economics." The implication is that efforts to diversify the profession should focus at least in part on attracting students who would otherwise not take introductory economics.
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- 2024
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9. 'Insight Unlocked': Applying a Collective Intelligence Approach to Engage Employers in Informing Local Skills Improvement Planning
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David Rae, Edward Cartwright, Mario Gongora, Chris Hobson, and Harsh Shah
- Abstract
This paper demonstrates how the innovative application of a Collective Intelligence approach enhanced Local Skills Improvement Planning information for employers, education and skills training organisations and regional economic policy organisations. This took place within a Knowledge Transfer Partnership between a Chamber of Commerce and a University. This aimed to develop and deploy regional business intelligence for enhanced policy and decision-making in enterprise and economic development. The project converged knowledge from several research centres including economics, entrepreneurship and innovation, data science, and Artificial Intelligence. The paper presents a project case study which provides two contributions to applied knowledge. Firstly, it demonstrates how a Collective Intelligence (CI) approach can be applied to achieve rapid results in resolving the real-world problem of local skills information availability. Useful real-time data was gathered from employers in three sectors on skills requirements, supply and training. This was analysed using Artificial Intelligence tools, then shared publicly via an automated Internet portal, providing a scalable model for wider use. Secondly, it explores and evaluates how the knowledge exchange (KE) process can function effectively and quickly in applying CI-based innovation in practical ways which create new value, within a Knowledge Transfer Partnership between a University and Chamber of Commerce.environment.
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- 2024
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10. Scholarly Activity among Economists at Liberal Arts Colleges: A Life Cycle Analysis
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Carleton Coll., Northfield, MN., Jenny Bourne, Nathan D. Grawe, Michael Hemesath, and Maya Jensen
- Abstract
The authors of this article introduce a database of scholarship among liberal arts college (LAC) economists. Capturing publications across the life cycle, the data speak to questions unexplored in existing work and point to answers often contrary to popular wisdom. First, limited evidence of a rising tenure bar is found. Moreover, while some claim that LAC macroeconomists face particular publication hurdles, the authors observe similar levels of scholarship across the micro/macro divide. Finally, authors of publications outside ECONLIT are not interdisciplinary specialists. Rather, LAC economists who produce the greatest amount of work in indexed venues also make the largest contributions outside the discipline's traditional boundaries.
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- 2024
- Full Text
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11. Designing Effective Assessments in Economics Courses: Guiding Principles
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Gina C. Pieters
- Abstract
Used correctly, assessments play a vital role in the success of a course: they provide valuable feedback to students regarding their knowledge gaps, encourage deeper understanding of the material, help students to develop critical thinking, and guide students to accomplish a course's learning goals. They also provide a signal to future employers, graduate programs, or future course instructors about the quality of a student's understanding of the material. Used incorrectly, assessments likely achieve none of these. To avoid the latter outcome, this article's author helps new instructors by (1) summarizing pedagogical theory of sound assessment design, (2) applying it to assessment design in economics courses, and (3) assembling examples of assessments from the economics literature for instructors who may wish to experiment with different assignments.
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- 2024
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12. Information Economics of Teaching: A Transactional Perspective on Pedagogical Reasoning to Provide a Typology of Pedagogical Equilibrium
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Eisuke Saito, Jennifer Mansfield, and Richard O'Donovan
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By assessing student engagement with learning tasks along with students' understanding of subject matter before and during teaching, teachers are able to shift their teaching approaches through improvisational pedagogical reasoning in real time. However, if a teacher does not know how to respond to students' cues, their capacity to effectively adapt their teaching actions is reduced. This perspective resonates with the notion of pedagogical equilibrium. To date, studies of pedagogical equilibrium have predominantly focused on causes of disequilibrium, with scant discussion of typologies of pedagogical equilibria and mechanisms which can prompt teachers to transition from disequilibrium and equilibrium or vice versa. The purpose of this study is to conceptually discuss: (1) the transactional nature of teacher decision-making when it is based on understanding student actions and cognition; and, (2) typologies of pedagogical equilibria related to teachers' preferences for being responsive to student behaviour and understanding.
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- 2024
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13. Narratives as a Way of Conceptualising the Field of Comparative Education
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C. C. Wolhuter, Oscar Espinoza, and Noel Mcginn
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Based on the authors' wide reading in the field, this article suggests the notion of the narrative as a fitting and meaningful way of conceptualising and mapping the field of comparative education. Four prominent narratives can be identified in not only the field of comparative education (and the scholarly discourse on education) but also the public discourse on education. These are the narratives of the capability theory, neoliberal economics, the creed of human rights, and the call for social justice. These narratives are contrasted, and guidelines are offered for further research on reconstructing and reflecting on the current state of comparative education and its future trajectory.
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- 2024
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14. Fabricating and Positioning Refugees as Workers in the United States
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Jill Koyama
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In this paper, which draws on two years of qualitative research, I examine the ways in which refugees are positioned and position themselves in job training programs and in their initial US jobs. I provide examples of how 'factishes', a combination of facts and fetishes, are fabricated and position the refugees, and those working with them, in discourses associated with migration. Moving from notions of humanitarian aid to economic utility, trainers and employers position the refugees as economic stabilizers, capable of performing low-skill jobs, which US-born workers do not often choose, and which undocumented Mexican migrants do not 'deserve'. In doing so, they also position themselves as helpful humanitarians. The positioning is useful in securing initial employment for the refugees but not in longer term career advancement. Some of the refugees challenge the positioning, modifying the factishes to improve their employment prospects and possibly their long-term integration into society.
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- 2024
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15. Education and New Developments 2023 -- Volume 2
- Author
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Mafalda Carmo and Mafalda Carmo
- Abstract
This book contains the full text of papers and posters presented at the International Conference on Education and New Developments (END 2023), organized by the World Institute for Advanced Research and Science (WIARS). Education, in our contemporary world, is a right since we are born. Every experience has a formative effect on the constitution of the human being, in the way one thinks, feels and acts. One of the most important contributions resides in what and how we learn through the improvement of educational processes, both in formal and informal settings. The International Conference seeks to provide some answers and explore the processes, actions, challenges and outcomes of learning, teaching and human development. The goal is to offer a worldwide connection between teachers, students, researchers and lecturers, from a wide range of academic fields, interested in exploring and giving their contribution in educational issues. We take pride in having been able to connect and bring together academics, scholars, practitioners and others interested in a field that is fertile in new perspectives, ideas and knowledge. We counted on an extensive variety of contributors and presenters, which can supplement our view of the human essence and behavior, showing the impact of their different personal, academic and cultural experiences. This is, certainly, one of the reasons we have many nationalities and cultures represented, inspiring multi-disciplinary collaborative links, fomenting intellectual encounter and development. END 2023 received 758 submissions, from more than 45 different countries, reviewed by a double-blind process. Submissions were prepared to take form of Oral Presentations, Posters, Virtual Presentations and Workshops. The conference accepted for presentation 279 submissions (37% acceptance rate).This second volume focuses on the main areas of (1) Projects and Trends; and (2) Organizational Issues.
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- 2023
16. Comparison of Economic Geography Contents in Turkey and Turkmenistan Geography Curriculum: Grades 10th, 11th and 12th
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Sahin, Vedat
- Abstract
Education curricula are programs that include topics for students' academic achievement and individual development. Geography curricula cover many subjects such as physical, human, economic and environmental issues. In this study, the economic geography contents of Turkey and Turkmenistan high school geography curricula were compared in the study. Firstly, the content of 10th, 11th and 12th grades in the geography programs of both countries was investigated and evaluated. The study is qualitative in nature as it is mainly based on document analysis. Economic geography topics in geography programs according to grade levels were examined and the similarities and differences between the economic geography subjects in the geography programs of both countries were determined. In both countries, economic geography subjects are included in the 12-year compulsory education, especially after the 10th grade. Moreover, both programs include economic geography topics from a local to global scale.
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- 2023
17. Is It 'Increase' or 'Rise?' A Corpus-Based Behavioural Profile Study of English Near-Synonym Verbs
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Uba, Sani Yantandu and Irudayasamy, Julius
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This study emerged as a result of insufficient knowledge and descriptions of the behavioural profiles of the near-synonym English verbs, "increase" and "rise," by non-corpus-based traditional reference sources used by students. We explored the behavioural characteristics of this group of near-synonym verbs using the British National Corpus (BNC) of 100 million words as our corpus. Using the "Sketch Engine" Tool, we examined their frequency, subject and object noun collocations, adverb collocations, and syntactic behavioural profiles. The results demonstrate that both words collocate with subject and object nouns. However, on their top ten subject collocation lists, "increase" only collocates with abstract nouns related to finance and economy, whereas "rise" collocates with three different kinds of abstract nouns related to finance/economy, the human entity, and the natural environment, and one concrete noun related to natural environment. In addition, they only have two collocates in common on their top subject noun collocates list. In terms of object noun collocations, "increase" only collocates with abstract nouns connected to finance/economy and the natural environment, but "rise" collocates with abstract and concrete nouns on their top list. They also only have three adverb collocations in common on the top list. "Rise" has 17 distinct syntactic patterns, whereas "increase" has 15 different syntactic patterns. In teaching near-synonyms, we propose using corpus-based reference resources.
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- 2023
18. Bibliometric Analysis of Published Documents on Entrepreneurship in Basic Sciences (Physics, Chemistry, Biology)
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Deveci, Isa
- Abstract
In recent years, efforts to transform scientific information produced in basic sciences into technology to facilitate daily life have been increasing. In this sense, the perspective of entrepreneurship gains importance in basic sciences. This study aims analyze documents published on entrepreneurship in basic sciences (physics, chemistry, biology) using a bibliometric review. For this aim, the bibliometric analysis method based on the systematic literature review approach was used. Systematic review was carried out in the WoS database. A total of 428 documents (1994-2020) on entrepreneurship in basic sciences in the WoS were retrieved. The bibliometric analysis results were presented under two main categories as descriptive (numbers of documents according to year, author, country, organization, source, research area, WoS category area) and evaluative results (co-occurrence, co-authorship, citation analysis). Descriptive results were displayed with frequency values, and evaluative results were displayed using VOSviewer visualization software. As a result, it was determined that there is an important increase in the number of documents towards 2020. In addition, it was determined that the most productive, influential, and collaborative author is Jardim-Goncalves R, the most productive country is the USA, the most productive journal is Journal of Technology Transfer, and the most productive organization is Old Dominion University. Moreover, it has been determined that the most influential area in terms of research area is "business economics" and the most keyword co-occurrences are "entrepreneurship", "design science" and "academic entrepreneurship".
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- 2023
19. Synergizing Thai Higher Education with Macro-Marketing and Circular Economy Principles: A Paradigm Shift in Marketing Education for Sustainable Societal Progress
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Kamkankaew, Pongsisi and Thanitbenjasith, Phithagorn
- Abstract
Background and Aim: Thailand's government is integrating macro-marketing and circular economy principles into marketing education to address urbanization, resource depletion, and sustainable development goals. This review academic article explores the benefits of integrating macro marketing principles and circular economy concepts into Thai higher education's marketing education system, identifies gaps, and proposes strategies to enhance the capacity for producing socially responsible and environmentally conscious marketing professionals. Materials and Methods: In pursuit of these objectives, the academic article delves into a comprehensive analysis of academic databases, research articles, case studies, and best practices from around the world, aiming to establish a foundation for the integration of macro-marketing and circular economy principles into the Thai marketing education system. Results: This academic article found that Thai higher education institutions must integrate macro-marketing and circular economy principles through strategic collaboration and innovation. This comprehensive system aims to produce skilled marketers, ethical decision-makers, and responsible global citizens. Strategies include curriculum redesign, faculty development, industry collaboration, and experiential learning. Conclusion: The Thai marketing education system incorporates macro-marketing and circular economy principles, preparing students for sustainable business practices and societal challenges. This holistic approach fosters collaboration, interactive learning, and a culture of social responsibility.
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- 2023
20. The Geography of Mathematical (Dis)Advantage: An Application of Multilevel Simultaneous Autoregressive (MSAR) Models to Public Data in Education Research
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Manuel S. González Canché
- Abstract
Research has shown that mathematical proficiency gaps are related to students' and schools' indicators of poverty, with fewer studies on neighborhood effects on achievement gaps. Although this literature has accounted for students' nesting within schools, so far, methodological constraints have not allowed researchers to formally account for multilevel and spatial effects. I contribute to this discussion by simultaneously considering test-takers' own socioeconomic standing and the impact of their nesting schools and neighborhood structures. Multilevel simultaneous autoregressive (MSAR) models and population-level data of 2.09 million test-takers, whose standardized performances were measured at Grades 3-8 in New York State, revealed the presence of geography of mathematical (dis)advantage. Because mathematical performance is spatially dependent across schools and neighborhoods, moving forward, applied researchers should rely on MSAR to account for sources of spatially driven bias that cannot be handled with multilevel models alone. Full replication code and data are provided at https://cutt.ly/N4zRstL.
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- 2023
21. Designing Field Experiments to Integrate Research on Costs
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A. Brooks Bowden
- Abstract
Although experimental evaluations have been labeled the "gold standard" of evidence for policy (U.S. Department of Education, 2003), evaluations without an analysis of costs are not sufficient for policymaking (Monk, 1995; Ross et al., 2007). Funding organizations now require cost-effectiveness data in most evaluations of effects. Yet, there is little guidance on how to integrate research on costs into efficacy or effectiveness evaluations. As a result, research proposals and papers are disjointed in the treatment of costs, implementation, and effects, and studies often miss opportunities to integrate what is learned from the cost component into what is learned about effectiveness. To address this issue, this paper uses common evaluation frameworks to provide guidance for integrating research on costs into the design of field experiments building on the ingredients method (Levin et al., 2018). The goal is to improve study design, resulting in more cohesive, efficient, and higher-quality evaluations.
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- 2023
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22. The Short-Term Effects of the Shift from Prior-Year to Current-Year Enrollment on School Inputs in Arizona
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Phuong Nguyen-Hoang and Angie Nga Le
- Abstract
Arizona shifted to using current-year enrollment, instead of prior-year enrollment, as the basis for determining state aid for school districts following the passage of Arizona Education Finance Amendment (AEFA) in 2017. This study examines the short-term effects of AEFA implementation on school inputs--namely, expenditures and district personnel, particularly teachers. We find that the average district does not seem to respond to AEFA. However, our heterogeneity analyses reveal that the highest-income districts significantly reduce more inputs than the lowest-income districts in response to AEFA. The differential impact between these two groups is most evident in instructional expenditures, administration expenditures, total full-time equivalent teachers, and particularly teachers with 1-5 years of experience.
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- 2023
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23. Testing Economic Literacy: An Overview of Measurement Instruments of the Past 30 Years
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Welsandt, Nina Charlotte Johanna and Abs, Hermann Josef
- Abstract
Purpose: This paper analyses and classifies currently available English- and German-language measurement instruments for assessing economic literacy. It shows the content-related focuses and gaps of the extracted test instruments, the cognitive level of demand that characterises the instruments, the technical forms of implementation, and the extent to which the lifeworld contexts of test participants were considered. Method: The PSYNDEX, ERIC, German Education Index, and GESIS databases were systematically reviewed, and measurement instruments were examined based on four perspectives of analysis: economic subject dimension, learning psychology, assessment formats and technical design, and authenticity. Findings: Knowledge tests differ substantially from each other. Rather than representing all domains of the subject of economics equally, test instruments usually measure only one domain at a time. The focus of test instruments is on the retrieval of declarative knowledge. Measurement instruments were developed for adults and young people in equal parts. While some test instruments are related to the real world, authentic assessments are an exception.
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- 2023
24. Understanding Diversity in Undergraduate Learning of Cost-Benefit Analysis
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Sarah Yu
- Abstract
This paper presents a case study that reflects on teaching an economic unit, Cost-benefit analysis (CBA), to a diverse undergraduate student body at the researcher's institution. CBA is an applied economic technique that attempts to assess the economic efficiency of proposed public policies through the systematic prediction of social costs and social benefits. Students in this CBA unit are required to complete an online test, CBA report and a final examination. In the CBA Report, the students perform analytical work to explain the relationships among events, identify options, evaluate choices, and predict the effects of actions. This paper investigates the performance of four different student cohorts from 2019 to 2022. This paper aims to understand the differences in undergraduate students' learning of CBA based on the diversity among students, and in particular whether any specific student demographic (defined by gender, age, course progress level, study load and domestic vs international students) experienced a disproportional impact. The findings are then used to contribute improvement in the teaching and learning of the unit in higher education.
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- 2023
25. Embedded Inclusive Excellence at a Southern Metropolitan Public University
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Hunter, Andrea G., Mendez Smith, Julia, Haines, Steve J., Coakley, Tanya M., and Gilliam, Franklin D.
- Abstract
UNC Greensboro's vision is to be a national model for how a public research university can achieve access and excellence to transform students, the institution, and the community. With origins as the segregated Woman's College (WC), our evolution as a southern metropolitan public university reflects race, place, and intertwined historical legacies. Embedded inclusive excellence, as a heuristic, frames the intentional, synergistic, and organic processes we engage in advancing faculty diversity and a more inclusive learning environment. Specifically, borrowing a central concept from economics, we illustrate cultural, structural/institutional, and social "embeddedness" that has supported significant and positive changes at our university.
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- 2022
26. Education and Instruction for Circular Economy: A Review on Drivers and Barriers in Circular Economy Implementation in China
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Qu, Dongxu, Shevchenko, Tetiana, Xia, Yuanyuan, and Yan, Xiumin
- Abstract
As a new sustainable alternative to linear economics, the circular economy (CE) is bound to be accompanied by the requirements of the existing production model, science and technology, as well as the public perception of CE. To expose the potential impact of higher education on CE transition, this study systematically reviewed the relevant literature on the drivers and barriers to CE with a mixed analytical method. CiteSpace was used to perform bibliometric analysis and visual presentation of 367 literature accurately retrieved by search formula from two international influential databases, Web of Science and Scopus, and two significant Chinese databases, CNKI and CQVIP. In the results, we identified the number of publications and citations, the annual distribution of publications, annual citation trends, county distribution of publication contribution, the most-cited articles, and the co-citation networks. Moreover, we clarified the main drivers and barriers to CE in China by conducting qualitative content of the keywords related to driver and barrier factors in the literature. The results suggest that higher education has a positive influence on strengthening the main drivers and eliminating the main barriers, which implies that higher education has bright prospects in speeding up the CE transition. To maximize the effect of higher education for CE, we suggested university leaders and lecturers should adopt effective education and instruction measures in improving the performance of education activities for CE, so that the future leaders of various industries in universities could construct CE values and behavior patterns to achieve the replacement of traditional linear economy.
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- 2022
27. Electrical Engineering Students' Attitudes about Elective Economics/Business Related Courses--A Case Study
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Beran Samuelson, Melissa, Sabolic, Dubravko, and Magzan, Masha
- Abstract
A survey with 53 questions was carried out among the second-year students of the Faculty of electrical engineering and computing, University of Zagreb, Croatia, in June 2020, to acquire feedback about the motives of engineering students to elect economics/business-related courses when they have alternatives, their previous knowledge of economic topics, and basic financial literacy. The gender differences in the answers were statistically tested, showing no important differences. However, the structure of the population implied that the female students were less interested in the economics/business courses.
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- 2022
28. Education and New Developments 2022 -- Volume 2
- Author
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Carmos, Mafalda
- Abstract
This book contains the full text of papers and posters presented at the International Conference on Education and New Developments (END 2022), organized by the World Institute for Advanced Research and Science (WIARS). Education, in our contemporary world, is a right since we are born. Every experience has a formative effect on the constitution of the human being, in the way one thinks, feels and acts. One of the most important contributions resides in what and how we learn through the improvement of educational processes, both in formal and informal settings. The International Conference seeks to provide some answers and explore the processes, actions, challenges and outcomes of learning, teaching and human development. The goal is to offer a worldwide connection between teachers, students, researchers and lecturers, from a wide range of academic fields, interested in exploring and giving their contribution in educational issues. We take pride in having been able to connect and bring together academics, scholars, practitioners and others interested in a field that is fertile in new perspectives, ideas and knowledge. We counted on an extensive variety of contributors and presenters, which can supplement our view of the human essence and behavior, showing the impact of their different personal, academic and cultural experiences. This is, certainly, one of the reasons we have many nationalities and cultures represented, inspiring multi-disciplinary collaborative links, fomenting intellectual encounter and development. END 2022 received 790 submissions, from more than 45 different countries, reviewed by a double-blind process. Submissions were prepared to take form of Oral Presentations, Posters, Virtual Presentations and Workshops. The conference accepted for presentation 263 submissions (33% acceptance rate), from which, 233 submissions are published in full text in these volumes. This conference addressed different categories inside the Education area and papers are expected to fit broadly into one of the named themes and sub-themes. This is the Volume 2 of the book Education and New Developments 2022 and it contains the results of the research and developments conducted by authors who focused on what they are passionate about: to promote growth in research methods intimately related to teaching, learning and applications in Education nowadays. It includes an extensive variety of contributors and presenters, who will extend our view in exploring and giving their contribution in educational issues, by sharing with us their different personal, academic and cultural experiences. This second volume focus in the main areas of Projects and Trends and Organizational Issues. [For Volume 1, see ED622189. This document contains the proceedings of END 2022: International Conference on Education and New Developments (Madeira, Portugal, June 18-20, 2022).]
- Published
- 2022
29. Education and New Developments 2022 -- Volume 1
- Author
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Carmo, Mafalda
- Abstract
This book contains the full text of papers and posters presented at the International Conference on Education and New Developments (END 2022), organized by the World Institute for Advanced Research and Science (WIARS). Education, in our contemporary world, is a right since we are born. Every experience has a formative effect on the constitution of the human being, in the way one thinks, feels and acts. One of the most important contributions resides in what and how we learn through the improvement of educational processes, both in formal and informal settings. The International Conference seeks to provide some answers and explore the processes, actions, challenges and outcomes of learning, teaching and human development. The goal is to offer a worldwide connection between teachers, students, researchers and lecturers, from a wide range of academic fields, interested in exploring and giving their contribution in educational issues. We take pride in having been able to connect and bring together academics, scholars, practitioners and others interested in a field that is fertile in new perspectives, ideas and knowledge. We counted on an extensive variety of contributors and presenters, which can supplement our view of the human essence and behavior, showing the impact of their different personal, academic and cultural experiences. This is, certainly, one of the reasons we have many nationalities and cultures represented, inspiring multi-disciplinary collaborative links, fomenting intellectual encounter and development. END 2022 received 790 submissions, from more than 45 different countries, reviewed by a double-blind process. Submissions were prepared to take form of Oral Presentations, Posters, Virtual Presentations and Workshops. The conference accepted for presentation 263 submissions (33% acceptance rate), from which, 233 submissions are published in full text in these volumes. This conference addressed different categories inside the Education area and papers are expected to fit broadly into one of the named themes and sub-themes. This is the Volume 1 of the book Education and New Developments 2022 and it contains the results of the research and developments conducted by authors who focused on what they are passionate about: to promote growth in research methods intimately related to teaching, learning and applications in Education nowadays. It includes an extensive variety of contributors and presenters, who will extend our view in exploring and giving their contribution in educational issues, by sharing with us their different personal, academic and cultural experiences. This first volume focus in the main areas of Teachers and Students and Teaching and Learning. [For Volume 2, see ED622190. This document contains the proceedings of END 2022: International Conference on Education and New Developments (Madeira, Portugal, June 18-20, 2022).]
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- 2022
30. Mapping Network Structure and Diversity of Interdisciplinary Knowledge in Recommended MOOC Offerings
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Zhang, Jingjing, Yang, Yehong, Barbera, Elena, and Lu, Yu
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In massive open online courses (MOOCs), recommendation relationships present a collection of associations that imply a new form of integration, such as an interdisciplinary synergy among diverse disciplines. This study took a computer science approach, using the susceptible-infected (SI) model to simulate the process of learners accessing courses within networks of MOOC offerings, and emphasized the potential effects of a network structure. The current low rate of access suggests that a ceiling effect influences learners' access to learning online, given that there are thousands of courses freely available. Interdisciplinary networks were created by adding recommended courses into four disciplinary networks. The diversity of interdisciplinarity was measured by three attributes, namely variety, balance, and disparity. The results attest to interesting changes in how the diversity of interdisciplinary knowledge grows. Particularly remarkable is the degree to which the diversity of interdisciplinarity increased when new recommended courses were first added. However, changing diversity implied that neighbouring disciplines were more likely to come to the forefront to attach to the interdisciplinarity of MOOC offerings, and that the pace of synergy among disparate disciplines slowed as time passed. In the absence of domain experts, expert knowledge is not sufficient to support interdisciplinary curriculum design. More evidence-based analytics studies showing how interdisciplinarity evolves in course offerings could help us to better design online courses that prepare learners with 21st-century skills.
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- 2022
31. Research as Discovery or Delivery? Exploring the Implications of Cultural Repertoires and Career Demands for Junior Economists' Research Practices
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Steffy, Kody and Langfeldt, Liv
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Recently, social scientists have begun to study the implications of increasing pressures in the early academic career. Studies focusing mostly on the life sciences have shown junior scholars making research decisions based on a productivity logic to increase their chances of career success. In this paper, we extend this literature to the very different context of economics, characterized by a dominant mainstream, a clear hierarchy, and an independent/small-team approach to scholarship. Adopting a culture-in-action framework, we analyze how cultural repertoires help early career economists deal with the sometimes competing career pressures associated with working in high-status departments. Drawing from in-depth interviews with tenure-track economists in three Scandinavian countries, we find that skillful use of "discovery-talk" and "delivery-talk" helps respondents respond to the challenges they face as junior academics. Implications for research include the avoidance of, e.g., interdisciplinary work and questions of only regional importance. Furthermore, the data indicate that discovery and delivery notions partly overlap and so contribute to preserving economics as a relatively coherent and homogenous field.
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- 2023
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32. A Psychosocial Analysis on the Relationship of Education and Other Areas of Life with Sports
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Afacan, Ersin and Afacan, Meltem Isik
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What is life? Life is the process between birth and death. This process, which is also accepted as the state of being alive, contains many parts. These parts are called life. Life encompasses one's experiences of the conditions that one encounters. These lives are interrelated. The longer and more harmonious these relationships are, the higher and more balanced the person's quality of life will be. For this, education and learning methods with scientific and philosophical foundations should be used. One of the parts of life in life is sports. Therefore, in this study, the subjects of morality, right, mistake, education, professionalism, health, mentality and economy in life will be associated with sports. Because sports is a human right that emerged from basic needs, it is associated with many areas of life. For this reason, some concepts that express our lives and the conditions we live in will be tried to be associated with sports. In this descriptive study, document analysis was carried out. The collected data were blended from sources in different fields such as education, sociology, psychology, education and philosophy. It is thought that this study, which is one of the rare studies on the subject, will be an example for similar studies to be done in the future.
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- 2022
33. Impacts on Students' Academic Performance Due to Emergency Transition to Remote Teaching during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Financial Engineering Course Case Study
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Nazempour, Rezvan, Darabi, Houshang, and Nelson, Peter C.
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The COVID-19 pandemic has enforced higher education institutions to adopt emergency remote teaching (ERT) as the substitution for traditional face-to-face (F2F) classes. A lot of concerns have been raised among education institutions, faculty, and students regarding the effectiveness of this sudden shift to online learning. This study aims to statistically investigate the impacts of such a transition on the academic performance of undergraduate students enrolled in the Financial Engineering course. A novel rank percentage measure is proposed and employed to compare the academic performance of around 500 students who attended the course during the four semesters, including the transitional disrupted semester by the pandemic, two consecutive online semesters, and the traditional face-to-face classroom. Our analysis emphasizes the significance of the differences between specific subgroups of the students. In particular, academically average to good students with cumulative GPAs greater than 2.90 have been negatively impacted by the transition to online learning, whereas the results for students with cumulative GPAs less than 2.90 are not very conclusive. Realizing the effects of such closures on the academic performance of students is considered important, since the results might have some merits for other courses and instructors. The template model can be transferred to other courses, and employed by the university administrators, specifically for developing policies in emergency circumstances that are not limited to pandemics.
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- 2022
34. Toward Integrating Conflicting Views of Capitalism in Economics and English
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Garton-Gundling, Kyle
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It is well known that it is harder to integrate conflicting insights across disparate disciplines than similar ones. In this article, I focus on the relation between economics, which is dominated by views that one could characterize as "pro-capitalist," and English, which is dominated by views that one could characterize as "anti-capitalist." It is crucial to examine this specific pair of disciplines because each has recently shown an apparent increased interest in the other, but without seriously challenging their own dominant views. I consider why current attempts at interdisciplinarity between economics and English have been inadequate. Whereas one might attribute this conflict mainly to the gap between economics' quantitative methods and English's traditionally qualitative ones, I find instead that differing assumptions are more important than differing methods in explaining conflicting insights between those in these two fields. Each discipline's interest in the other's concepts or methods remains superficial, falling short of deep engagement with the other in a way that truly challenges its own assumptions. To chart a possible way out of this impasse, I identify four key areas in which those in economics and English harbor conflicting assumptions about capitalism that undergird each discipline's internal consensus and suggest how to apply Allen F. Repko's and Rick Szostak's (2021) tools of integration to those assumptions. I find that different combinations of integrative techniques such as redefinition, transformation, organization, and extension are likely to work better at yielding common ground on some sets of assumptions than others. My goal is not to accomplish full integration, nor do I take it for granted that such integration is ultimately possible. Rather, I want to set an agenda and hone a toolset for integration without preconceptions about how this effort at integration will turn out. I conclude with a reflection on obstacles to integration and how researchers might try to overcome them.
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- 2022
35. Economic and Political Analysis of Initial Teacher Education from Consensus and Conflict Perspectives in Documents of International Institutions
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Açar, Abdullah and Yücel Toy, Banu
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This study aims to reveal the economic and political issues underlying the remarks related to initial teacher education (ITE) in the documents published by international institutions, European Union (EU), Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), and United Nations (UN), and to examine these issues from the perspective of consensus and conflict approaches to education. The study is designed as a systematic review. ITE-related 67 documents published by UN, EU, and OECD were analyzed following several coding steps. According to the results, international institutions promote entrepreneurship, life-long learning, and information and communication technologies as economic issues in ITE. As political issues, they put forward social themes including preparing for diversity, quality in ITE including accountability and standards, and structure of ITE including flexibility and autonomy. Although the documents are mainly parallel with the consensus approach, economic and political issues revealed in the study were discussed from perspectives of both approaches. One perspective considers promoting the economic issues in ITE the economic efficiency and growth which is beneficial for all. The other reminds that division of this benefit may include class-based inequalities. Also, different perspectives emphasize different social themes and they bring different explanations for how the quality assurance functions. [This article includes an extended summary in Turkish.]
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- 2022
36. The Restrictive Concepts of Teacher Evaluation and Their Discourse Communities
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Hazi, Helen M.
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Teacher evaluation is a personnel practice in education and a field of study with multiple discourse communities, including a community in supervision. Many concepts from these discourse communities have influenced practice over time. In this article, I place teacher evaluation as a practice originating in the intersection of supervision and administration, describe its tumultuous relationship with supervision, and identify the many concepts that restrict its practice with examples of scholarship. This article is important "fieldwork" that scholars must periodically conduct on their niche to better understand its audiences, scope, and influences. Examples of fieldwork include: analyses of scholarship, collections on a theme, handbooks, histories, interviews of scholars, memoirs, and genealogies of scholars. This article is a type of analysis of scholarship for the field of teacher evaluation, as Bolin (1988), Blumberg (1990), Garman (2020), Glanz (2018), Gordon (2019), Mette (2019), and Glanz and Hazi (2019) have done for the field of supervision. I am often asked, "Is there anything left to study about teacher evaluation?" This article may help scholars broaden their thinking about the many discourses of teacher evaluation as well as their own niche. Understanding the nature of the discourses helps a scholar navigate its writings and research, situate his/her contribution, and interpret the results of emerging research.
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- 2022
37. Developing Participatory Learning Mechanism in Good Agricultural Practices Following Sufficiency Economy Lifestyle of Ban Pong Yaeng Nai School, Mae Rim District, Chiang Mai Province
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Pornwiang, Suban and Manokarn, Monnapat
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This research's objective was to develop the participatory learning mechanism in good agricultural practices following the sufficiency economy lifestyle of Ban Pong Yaeng Nai School, Mae Rim District, Chiang Mai Province. The findings revealed: 1) the overall cognition of safe cultivation by applying good agricultural practices for the lunch project was low. As the guidelines of participatory learning mechanism, the school required safe food agriculture and applied information to develop nine learning bases the Kindergarten One to Grade Sixth. The design and learning mechanism's results were (1) a group of the participatory learning-driven working group performed the determined duties, (2) the nine learning bases with a high-level accuracy and appropriateness. Additionally, the results of driving a participatory learning mechanism for safe food were high. The overall satisfaction with the students' career skills, knowledge, and understanding of safe agriculture among the teachers and parents was high. Furthermore, the participatory learning mechanism in good agricultural practices following the sufficiency economy lifestyle of Ban Pong Yaeng Nai School, Mae Rim District, Chiang Mai Province as the possibility, satisfaction was at a high level, and the advantages were at the highest level.
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- 2022
38. Social Entrepreneurship Projects in the English Class: A Pandemic Multimodal Experience
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Quintero-González, Jhooni and Clavijo-Olarte, Amparo
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This exploratory qualitative study shares an innovative experience with twenty-three EFL undergraduate students in the Business Administration Program at a private university in Colombia. It aimed at positioning them as problem solvers and connecting their background as sources for EFL learning. We explored how business administration students problematized their communities to propose social solutions during the pandemic. Data were collected from students' reflective journals, students' artifacts, and a survey. In groups, the students explored cultural practices for shopping, economy, and pet-related issues to propose a social entrepreneurship project. Eleven business projects emerged as a result of students' socially-oriented concerns, critical skills, and multimodal experiences.
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- 2022
39. Grasping the Concept of Value: Exploring Students' Economic and Financial Literacy in Citizenship Education
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Björklund, Mattias, Tväråna, Malin, Jägerskog, Ann-Sofie, and Strandberg, Max
- Abstract
Purpose: To explore students' understandings of financial literacy and economics issues with an aim to inform future teaching designs. Design/methodology/approach: Phenomenography and variation theory has been used to analyze students' understanding of a concept found in both financial and economic contexts, namely "value." Findings: Students need to discern that value is attributed, related to scarcity and to other values in order to elaborate their understanding. Thus, teaching also needs to address these issues. Research implications: A social science framing of financial literacy and economics can facilitate a teaching that aims for the development of students' critical thinking and future ability to make informed choices.
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- 2022
40. Why Powerful Economic Content and Scientific Language in Social Studies Textbooks Matters
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Modig, Niclas
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Purpose: This article examines the prevalence of six economic terms in 17 Swedish upper-secondary school textbooks and how the language shifts between everyday and scientific language. Variations regarding content in the textbooks used in vocational programmes and preparatory programmes for higher education are also investigated. Design: Powerful knowledge (important knowledge within a subject) and semantic waves (variations between everyday and scientific language) are essential to cumulative knowledge building. These theories are used for quantitative and qualitative analyses of the textbooks. Findings: There are variations in the extent to which powerful economic terms appear and how the language shifts between everyday and scientific discourses in the textbooks analysed. Coverage and shifts are generally insufficient in textbooks used in vocational programmes. Practical implications: The importance of using powerful economic knowledge and shifting between everyday and scientific language in textbooks and teaching should be highlighted for policymakers, textbook authors and teacher educators.
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- 2022
41. The Curriculum Question and School Economics: Three Educational Scenarios for the Future
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Brant, Jacek
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Education debate often appears polarised between those who advocate a specific curriculum that should be "delivered" by teachers and those that advocate student-centred approaches that develop skills and understanding. This paper goes to the heart of the tension via an exploration of the "curriculum question." The purpose of this article is to challenge Future 1 and Future 2 curriculum approaches and offer a more holistic vision of school economics that empowers teachers and students.
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- 2022
42. Conflicting Roles of Vocational Education: Civic, Industrial, Market and Project Conventions to Address VET Scenarios
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Marhuenda-Fluixá, Fernando
- Abstract
Vocational education and training is more complex than academic education. It is also subject to important differences among countries due to at least two factors: a) the particular fabric of the productive system of the country and b) the involvement of social actors (employers and unions) as well as the labor market relations and the balance between capital and work. Historical and comparative vocational education and training has deployed a series of analytical tools which have contributed to identify different patterns of existing vocational education systems. Some institutions have also worked in order to help vocational education advance in the past decades: among these, the European Center for the Development of Vocational Training (Cedefop) has twice devised future scenarios in Vocational education, at the turn of the 20th century and right before the COVID-19 pandemics. The combination of current VET systems and suggested scenarios indicate that transformations are subject to negotiation among actors within countries (administration, employers, unions, teachers) and across countries; as well as subject to legitimation of decisions before the wider society. The sociology of conventions is a useful approach to analyse processes of negotiation and legitimation behind historical developments in VET systems; we suggest applying it to tackle current VET scenarios.
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- 2022
43. International Students and American Competitiveness
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Association of American Universities and Business Roundtable
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As the organizations representing the presidents of America's leading research universities and the chief executive officers of America's leading companies, the Association of American Universities and Business Roundtable recognize that the United States' continued global competitiveness depends on developing, attracting and retaining top international science, technology, engineering and math (STEM) talent. International students, scientists and engineers help drive cutting-edge research and development, fill job openings in critical STEM fields, advance national security and bolster the U.S. economy by generating new domestic startups and businesses. To ensure that America's doors remain open to international talent, this report highlights the importance of the international talent pipeline and examines the symbiotic relationship between academic institutions in the United States and the business community. The report shows the many ways that international talent bolsters our nation's economy and our innovation ecosystem; details the challenges to attracting and retaining international talent that exist throughout the U.S. immigration system; highlights the increasing competition we face from other countries in terms of attracting and retaining international talent; and presents public policy recommendations to ensure that the United States continues to attract the world's best and brightest.
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- 2022
44. The Oxford Handbook of Higher Education in the Asia-Pacific Region
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Kapur, Devesh, Kong, Lily, Lo, Florence, Malone, David M., Kapur, Devesh, Kong, Lily, Lo, Florence, and Malone, David M.
- Abstract
Since the turn of the millennium it has become clear that the Asia-Pacific Region is, economically, the fastest growing continent in the world, and is likely to remain so for some time despite the setbacks of the COVID-19 pandemic. Asia-Pacific's share of the world's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) doubled from 15 per cent to 30 per cent between 1970 and 2017 and is projected to account for half of global GDP by 2050. With South East and South Asia also growing rapidly, with over half the world's population and three of the world's five largest economies, Asia is soon poised to home half of the world's middle class - a class that is both the driver and the product of higher education. The quality of a country's system of higher education may be seen both as a gauge of its current level of national development as well as of its future economic prospects. It is therefore natural that the putative "Asian Century" should generate interest in the region's higher education systems which, on the one hand, share common characteristics-a fixation with credentials and engineering, high technology (especially among male students), and business degrees-while at the same time are also highly differentiated, not only across countries but also within. As such, a better understanding of higher education achievements, failings, potential, and structural limitations in the Asia-Pacific Region is imperative. This handbook presents a number of significant country case-studies and documents cross-cutting trends relating to, among other things: the trilemma faced by governments juggling competing claims of access, accessible cost, and quality; the balance between teaching and research; the links between labour markets (demand) and higher education (supply); preferred fields of study and their consequences; the rise of the research university in Asia; the lure of institutions of international reputation within the region; new education technologies and their effects; and, trends in government policy within the wider region and sub-regions.
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- 2023
45. A Structural Econometric Approach to Analyzing the Impact of Teacher Pension Reform
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Kong, Wei and Ni, Shawn
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The growing fiscal cost of K-12 teacher pension plans and pension-induced labor market distortions have led to calls for teacher pension reforms. Dynamic structural econometric models are a useful way to analyze the fiscal and staffing consequences of current and alternative retirement plans. This article lays out the benefits of the structural econometric modeling approach for analyzing changes to teacher pension plans and estimates such a model for Missouri public school teachers. The results are then used to simulate effects of a pension reform on teacher retirement and employer pension costs.
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- 2023
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46. Incentivizing Retirement: An Analysis of Cash Retirement Incentives for Chicago Teachers
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Hosek, James, Knapp, David, Mattock, Michael G., and Asch, Beth J.
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Retirement incentives are frequently used by school districts facing financial difficulties. They provide a means of either decreasing staff size or replacing retiring senior teachers with less expensive junior teachers. We analyze a one-time retirement incentive in a large school district paid to teachers willing to retire at the end of the 2016-2017 school year that required 1,500 teachers to accept the offer for it to be paid. The analysis uses an estimated structural model of teacher retention-enabling predictions through simulation of what teacher behavior would be in lieu of the incentive. As predicted by the model, too few teachers accepted the incentive and it was not paid. Simulations enable the decomposition of the would-be retirement incentive takers into those that retired because of the retirement incentive (i.e., marginal teachers) and those who would have retired without the incentive. We find that (1) most teachers who receive the retirement incentive would have retired regardless leading to substantial payments to teachers whose decisions are unchanged, (2) marginal teachers are likely to have retired within a couple years without the incentive limiting the period in which a salary gap can recoup the incentive's costs, and (3) sharp increases in salary over the first years of teaching narrow the salary gap from which potential savings might derive. These mechanisms are common to most school districts so it is unlikely districts using retirement incentives will realize any cost savings if they replace retiring teachers with junior teachers.
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- 2023
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47. Ever-Increasing Listed Tuition and Institutional Aid: The Role of Net Price Differentials by Year of Study
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Cheslock, John J. and Riggs, Sam O.
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Over the last forty years, non-elite private institutions have steadily increased listed tuition and institutional aid. This practice has continued even though the net tuition revenue gains from incoming students have become minimal. We present a new explanation for why these yearly increases continue: The pricing structure of non-elite privates relies upon net price differentials by year of study that are generated through annual increases in listed tuition. We describe how the presence of transfer costs encourages the use of this pricing structure and then document the presence of this pricing structure using data from IPEDS and NPSAS. Similar analyses of public and elite private institutions reveal differences across sectors in the use of differential pricing by year of study.
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- 2023
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48. Cost Analysis Standards & Guidelines 1.1. Cost Analysis in Practice (CAP) Project. Revised
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Hollands, Fiona M., Pratt-Williams, Jaunelle, and Shand, Robert
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The purpose of these guidelines is to support the execution of cost analysis and cost-effectiveness analysis of educational programs. The steps involved in conducting a cost analysis are presented in four stages with explicit examples used throughout: designing your cost analysis, collecting cost data using the ingredients method, analyzing cost data, and reporting your cost analysis. The guidelines include numerous references and links to additional tools, resources, and sources of data to facilitate economic evaluations in education. The guidelines are designed to assist researchers in complying with the Institute of Education Sciences' SEER requirement to analyze the costs of educational interventions or, where relevant, costs compared to a control or comparison condition. They also support researchers in executing cost analyses that comport with the Standards for Economic Evaluation of Educational and Social Programs which recommend a standardized approach to facilitate accurate and comparable cost estimates of educational programs, practices, and policies, including the provision of a reference case analysis.
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- 2021
49. Campus Economics: How Economic Thinking Can Help Improve College and University Decisions
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Baum, Sandy, McPherson, Michael, Baum, Sandy, and McPherson, Michael
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"Campus Economics" provides college and university administrators, trustees, and faculty with an essential understanding of how college finances actually work. Sandy Baum and Michael McPherson explain the concepts needed to analyze the pros, the cons, and the trade-offs of difficult decisions, and offer a common language for discussing the many challenges confronting institutions of higher learning today, from COVID-19 to funding cuts and declining enrollments. Emphasizing the unique characteristics of the academic enterprise and the primacy of the institutional mission, Baum and McPherson use economic concepts such as opportunity cost and decisions at the margin to facilitate conversations about how best to ensure an institution's ongoing success. The problems facing higher education are more urgent than ever before, but the underlying issues are the same in good times and bad. Baum and McPherson give nontechnical, user-friendly guidance for navigating all kinds of economic conditions and draw on real-world examples of campus issues to illustrate both institutional constraints and untapped opportunities. "Campus Economics" helps faculty, administrators, trustees, and government policymakers engage in constructive dialogue that can lead to decisions that align finite resources with the pursuit of the institutional mission.
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- 2023
50. Essays on Market and Mechanism Design
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Negar Matoorian pour
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This dissertation consists of three essays on market and mechanism design. In each essay, I utilize tools and knowledge from game theory, equilibrium theory, and mechanism design to explain agents' behavior and assess the market equilibrium structure in different allocation mechanisms, both with and without monetary transactions. The first two chapters provide theoretical analyses of allocation mechanisms in environments where agents possess varying levels of information. The third chapter studies the allocation market for live kidney donations to patients in need of kidney transplants, examining the topic from both theoretical and empirical perspectives using data from the only regulated monetary market for kidneys in Iran. The first chapter, co-authored with Andrzej Skrzypacz, delves into allocation mechanisms for public school choice seats, catering to a population of students with different degrees of access to information regarding school quality. We demonstrate that this information disparity prompts less-informed students to rank schools based on the priority that schools assign them, hoping to evade the potential drawbacks of acceptance at each institution. Subsequently, we explore the welfare implications of such information disparities, emphasizing the impact of priority design in school and college assignment mechanisms in light of information inequality. In the second chapter, I collaborate with Ehsan Azarmsa to inspect the endogenous equilibrium structure emerging in Over the Counter (OTC) financial markets, featuring intermediaries capable of bolstering market liquidity. We elucidate the endogenous onset of fragmented markets wherein a solitary asset undergoes trading across multiple platforms, each displaying varying prices and liquidity levels. Our findings reveal that when the principal inventory cost for financial intermediaries is the information rent cost tied to trading with savvier traders, these intermediaries assume dual roles: those of market makers and match makers. This duality gives rise to two distinct market types: a fully liquid market characterized by a positive bid-ask spread, where the market maker furnishes inventory, and a less liquid market with a zero bid-ask spread, wherein traders' orders are fulfilled via matching. This streamlined model offers a framework to scrutinize alterations in market structure, liquidity, and prices in the OTC markets in response to post-crisis regulations imposed on banks and dealers. The dissertation's final chapter, jointly penned with Mohammad Akbarpour and Farshad Fatemi, evaluates the world's sole regulated system for paid donations, operational in Iran. We deliver empirical analyses of the market, indicating that the allowance for monetary compensation has significantly bolstered the supply of kidney donations, thereby curtailing waiting periods for patients. Addressing prevalent concerns surrounding the existence of such a market, our extensive data on donor and recipient demographics reveal that live kidney donors predominantly hail from impoverished backgrounds, while patients financially equipped to procure a live kidney in this system tend to be considerably affluent. Nonetheless, we delineate, within a theoretical framework, how the presence of such a market can be advantageous for both affluent and impoverished patients awaiting kidney transplants. This is achieved by diminishing waiting durations, not only for kidneys from live donors but also from deceased donors. We proceed to calibrate this model to project the hypothetical benefits of introducing a similar market in the U.S. [The dissertation citations contained here are published with the permission of ProQuest LLC. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission. Copies of dissertations may be obtained by Telephone (800) 1-800-521-0600. Web page: http://www.proquest.com/en-US/products/dissertations/individuals.shtml.]
- Published
- 2023
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